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 Topic: Ultimate htaccess examples tutorial [non-windows] |
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htaccesselite
Joined: 20 Nov 2006
Posts: 7
Location: Indianapolis, USA
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 Posted: Mon 20 Nov '06 7:40 Post subject: Ultimate htaccess examples tutorial [non-windows] |
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I have put my security education on the backburner for the last 2 years as I concentrated on learning how web servers work and how to use them. During that time I compiled tons of notes on how to use Apaches htaccess.
Original: htaccessElite's Ultimate htaccess examples
Heres my list of the ultimate htaccess code snippets and examples that I use all the time. I tried to keep them extremely minimalistic.
Each code snippet has been copied from htaccesselite. Additional and detailed info on each htaccess code snippet can be found at htaccessElite
Most of these snippets can be used with a Files or Filesmatch directive to only apply to certain files.
Make any file be a certain filetype (regardless of name or extension)
| Code: | #Makes image.gif, blah.html, index.cgi all act as php
ForceType application/x-httpd-php |
Authentication Magic
Require password for 1 file:
| Code: | <Files login.php>
AuthName "Prompt"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd
Require valid-user
</Files> |
Protect multiple files:
| Code: | <FilesMatch "^(exec|env|doit|phpinfo|w)*$">
AuthName "Development"
AuthUserFile /.htpasswd
AuthType basic
Require valid-user
</FilesMatch> |
Example uses of the Allow Directive:
| Code: | # A (partial) domain-name
Allow from 10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0
# Full IP address
Allow from 10.1.2.3
# More than 1 full IP address
Allow from 192.168.1.104 192.168.1.205
# Partial IP addresses
# first 1 to 3 bytes of IP, for subnet restriction.
Allow from 10.1
Allow from 10 172.20 192.168.2
# network/netmask pair
Allow from 10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0
# network/nnn CIDR specification
Allow from 10.1.0.0/16
# IPv6 addresses and subnets
Allow from 2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea
Allow from 2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea/10 |
Using visitor dependent environment variables:
| Code: | SetEnvIf User-Agent ^KnockKnock/2\.0 let_me_in
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from env=let_me_in |
Allow from apache.org but deny from foo.apache.org
| Code: | Order Allow,Deny
Allow from apache.org
Deny from foo.apache.org |
Allow from IP address with no password prompt, and also allow from non-Ip address with password prompt:
| Code: | AuthUserFile /home/www/site1-passwd
AuthType Basic
AuthName MySite
Require valid-user
Allow from 172.17.10
Satisfy Any |
block access to files during certain hours of the day
| Code: | # If the hour is 16 (4 PM) Then deny all access
RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR} ^16$
RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F,L] |
Redirect non-https requests to https server fixing double-login problem and ensuring that htpasswd authorization can only be entered using HTTPS
| Code: | SSLOptions +StrictRequire
SSLRequireSSL
SSLRequire %{HTTP_HOST} eq "google.com"
ErrorDocument 403 [url]https://google.com[/url] |
SEO Friendly redirects for bad/old links and moved links
For single moved file
| Code: | | Redirect 301 /d/file.html [url]http://www.htaccesselite.com/r/file.html[/url] |
For multiple files like a blog/this.php?gh
| Code: | | RedirectMatch 301 /blog(.*) [url]http://www.askapache.com/[/url]$1 |
different domain name
| Code: | | Redirect 301 / [url]http://www.newdomain.com[/url] |
Require the www
| Code: | RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ [url]http://www.example.com/[/url]$1 [R=301,L] |
Redirect everyone to different site except 1 IP address (useful for web-development)
| Code: | ErrorDocument 403 [url]http://www.someothersite.com[/url]
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 24.33.65.6 |
CHMOD your files
chmod .htpasswd files 640
chmod .htaccess files 644
chmod php files 600
chmod files that you really don't want people to see as 400
NEVER chmod 777, if something requires write access use 766
Variable (mod_env) Magic
Set the Timezone of the server:
| Code: | | SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis |
Set the Server Administrator Email:
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@htaccesselite.com
Turn off the ServerSignature
| Code: | | ServerSignature Off |
Add a "en" language tag and "text/html; UTF-8" headers without meta tags
| Code: | AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
# Or AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' html
DefaultLanguage en-US |
Use a custom php.ini
Detailed instructions for doing this whether you are using php as a cgi or the apache module mod_php
Securing directories: Remove the ability to execute scripts
Heres a couple different ways I do it
| Code: | AddHandler cgi-script .php .pl .py .jsp .asp .htm .shtml .sh .cgi
Options -ExecCGI |
This is cool, you are basically categorizing all those files that end in those extensions so that they fall under the jurisdiction of the -ExecCGI command, which also means -FollowSymLinks (and the opposite is also true, +ExecCGI also turns on +FollowSymLinks)
Only allow GET and PUT request methods to your server.
| Code: |
Options -ExecCGI -Indexes -All
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK|OPTIONS|HEAD) RewriteRule .* - [F]
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Processing All gif files to be processed through a cgi script
| Code: | | Action image/gif /cgi-bin/filter.cgi |
Process request/file depending on the request method
| Code: | | Script PUT /cgi-bin/upload.cgi |
Force Files to download, not be displayed in browser
| Code: | AddType application/octet-stream .avi
AddType application/octet-stream .mpg |
Then in your HTML you could just link directly to the file..
| Code: | | <a href="/movies/mov1.avi">Download Movie1</a> |
And then you will get a pop-up box asking whether you want to save the file or open it.
Show the source of dynamic files
If you'd rather have .pl, .py, or .cgi files displayed in the browser as source rather than be executed as scripts, simply create a .htaccess file in the relevant directory with the following:
| Code: | | RemoveHandler cgi-script .pl .py .cgi |
Dramatically Speed up your site by implementing Caching!
| Code: | # MONTH
<FilesMatch "\.(flv|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|ico|swf)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000"
</FilesMatch>
# WEEK
<FilesMatch "\.(js|css|pdf|txt)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800"
</FilesMatch>
# DAY
<FilesMatch "\.(html|htm)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=43200"
</FilesMatch> |
Prevent Files image/file hotlinking and bandwidth stealing
| Code: | RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^[url]http://[/url](www\.)?askapache.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg|swf|flv|png)$ [url]http://www.askapache.com/legal.gif[/url] [R=302,L] |
ErrorDocuments
| Code: | ErrorDocument 404 /favicon.ico
ErrorDocument 403 [url]https://secure.htaccesselite.com[/url] |
| Code: | ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 400 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 401 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 403 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 405 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 406 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 409 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 413 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 414 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 501 /cgi-bin/error.php |
Note: You can also do an external link, but don't do an external link to your site or you will cause a loop that will hurt your SEO. |
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htaccesselite
Joined: 20 Nov 2006
Posts: 7
Location: Indianapolis, USA
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James Blond
Moderator
Joined: 19 Jan 2006
Posts: 7371
Location: Germany, Next to Hamburg
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htaccesselite
Joined: 20 Nov 2006
Posts: 7
Location: Indianapolis, USA
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